/*
 *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 *  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 *  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 *  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 *  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 *  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.tomcat.util.collections;

import java.lang.ref.Reference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.util.AbstractMap;
import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;

/**
 * Concurrent hash map that holds its keys via weak references. Unlike <code>WeakHashMap</code> this class does not
 * handle dead keys during common access operations, but expects you to call its {@link #maintain()} method
 * periodically. Both keys and values are expected to be not-<code>null</code>.
 *
 * @param <K> The type of keys used with the Map instance
 * @param <V> The type of values used with the Map instance
 */
public class ManagedConcurrentWeakHashMap<K, V> extends AbstractMap<K,V> implements ConcurrentMap<K,V> {

    private final ConcurrentMap<Key,V> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    private final ReferenceQueue<Object> queue = new ReferenceQueue<>();

    /**
     * Method, that has to be invoked periodically to clean dead keys from the map.
     */
    public void maintain() {
        Key key;
        while ((key = (Key) queue.poll()) != null) {
            if (key.isDead()) {
                // No need to lookup if the key is not in the map
                continue;
            }
            key.ackDeath();
            map.remove(key);
        }
    }

    private static class Key extends WeakReference<Object> {
        private final int hash;
        private boolean dead;

        Key(Object key, ReferenceQueue<Object> queue) {
            super(key, queue);
            hash = key.hashCode();
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return hash;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if (this == obj) {
                return true;
            }
            if (dead) {
                // Post-mortem cleanup looks for this specific Reference
                // instance
                return false;
            }
            if (!(obj instanceof Reference<?>)) {
                return false;
            }
            Object oA = get();
            Object oB = ((Reference<?>) obj).get();
            if (oA == oB) {
                return true;
            }
            if (oA == null || oB == null) {
                return false;
            }
            return oA.equals(oB);
        }

        public void ackDeath() {
            this.dead = true;
        }

        public boolean isDead() {
            return dead;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Creates Key instance to be used to store values in the map. It is registered with the ReferenceQueue.
     */
    private Key createStoreKey(Object key) {
        return new Key(key, queue);
    }

    /**
     * Creates Key instance to be used only to lookup values in the map. It is not registered with the ReferenceQueue.
     */
    private Key createLookupKey(Object key) {
        return new Key(key, null);
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
        return map.size();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return map.isEmpty();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return map.containsValue(value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
        if (key == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return map.containsKey(createLookupKey(key));
    }

    @Override
    public V get(Object key) {
        if (key == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return map.get(createLookupKey(key));
    }

    @Override
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
        return map.put(createStoreKey(key), value);
    }

    @Override
    public V remove(Object key) {
        return map.remove(createLookupKey(key));
    }

    @Override
    public void clear() {
        map.clear();
        // maintain() clears the queue, though it is not 100% reliable,
        // as queue is populated by GC asynchronously
        maintain();
    }

    @Override
    public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
        Key storeKey = createStoreKey(key);
        V oldValue = map.putIfAbsent(storeKey, value);
        if (oldValue != null) { // ack that key has not been stored
            storeKey.ackDeath();
        }
        return oldValue;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
        if (value == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return map.remove(createLookupKey(key), value);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(newValue);
        return map.replace(createLookupKey(key), oldValue, newValue);
    }

    @Override
    public V replace(K key, V value) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
        return map.replace(createLookupKey(key), value);
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<V> values() {
        return map.values();
    }

    @Override
    public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
        return new AbstractSet<>() {
            @Override
            public boolean isEmpty() {
                return map.isEmpty();
            }

            @Override
            public int size() {
                return map.size();
            }

            @Override
            public Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
                return new Iterator<>() {
                    private final Iterator<Map.Entry<Key,V>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();

                    @Override
                    public boolean hasNext() {
                        return it.hasNext();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
                        return new Map.Entry<>() {
                            private final Map.Entry<Key,V> en = it.next();

                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                            @Override
                            public K getKey() {
                                return (K) en.getKey().get();
                            }

                            @Override
                            public V getValue() {
                                return en.getValue();
                            }

                            @Override
                            public V setValue(V value) {
                                Objects.requireNonNull(value);
                                return en.setValue(value);
                            }
                        };
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void remove() {
                        it.remove();
                    }
                };
            }
        };
    }
}
